The Middle Ages, also known as the “Dark Ages”, was a period of significant cultural and intellectual rebirth in Europe from the 14th to the 16th centuries. This period marked the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era, marked by a revival of classical learning and wisdom. The Renaissance, also known as “Rinascimento” in Italian, was a transformative art movement that emerged in Europe during this time, bringing about a scientific revolution and artistic transformation.
The Renaissance, also known as “Rinascimento” in Italian, was an influential cultural movement that brought about a rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art. It emerged in Italy in the late 14th century and reached its zenith in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The Enlightenment, a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries, synthesized ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity into a worldview that gained wide assent.
The Renaissance, a period of history and a European cultural movement, was characterized by unparalleled artistic innovation and technical advancement, revolutionizing the way art is created, perceived, and perceived. Originating in Italy, the Renaissance was an era when learning and inquiry began to take hold within society over dogma and mysticism.
The Renaissance, or “rebirth”, was a major shift in the cultural and intellectual landscape, characterized by a renewed interest in the arts and sciences. The Renaissance, also known as “Rinascimento”, was a significant cultural and intellectual bridge from the Middle Ages to the modern era.
📹 The Renaissance Period Explained | All You Need To Know
“Renaissance” is the French word for “rebirth,” which is given to the period of time between the 14th and 17th centuries in Europe …
What is a period of artistic and intellectual activity?
The Renaissance was a significant cultural movement that significantly influenced European intellectual life in the early modern period. Originating in Italy and spreading throughout Europe by the 16th century, it impacted various aspects of intellectual inquiry, including art, architecture, philosophy, literature, music, science, technology, politics, and religion. Renaissance scholars, like Poggio Bracciolini, used the humanist method to study Latin literary, historical, and oratorical texts of antiquity.
The fall of Constantinople in 1453 led to a wave of émigré Greek scholars bringing precious manuscripts in ancient Greek, which marked a significant difference from medieval scholars who focused on Greek and Arabic works of natural sciences, philosophy, and mathematics.
Renaissance humanists did not reject Christianity, as many of the Renaissance’s greatest works were devoted to it, and the Church patronized many works of Renaissance art. However, a subtle shift in intellectual approach to religion occurred, with many Greek Christian works, including the Greek New Testament, being brought back from Byzantium to Western Europe, engaging Western scholars for the first time since late antiquity. This engagement with Greek Christian works, particularly the return to the original Greek of the New Testament, helped pave the way for the Reformation.
What came after Rococo?
Throughout the 18th century, Neoclassicism emerged as a counter movement against Rococo art, aiming to return to the simplicity, order, and “purism” of classical antiquity, particularly ancient Greece and Rome. This movement was partly influenced by the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, which was idealistic and focused on objectivity, reason, and empirical truth. Neoclassicism gained popularity in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom, where great works of Neoclassical architecture emerged.
During the French Revolution, Rococo art was replaced with Neoclassical art, which was seen as more serious than the former movement. Neoclassical art emphasizes order, symmetry, and classical simplicity, with common themes such as courage and war. Notable neoclassicists include Ingres, Canova, and Jacques-Louis David.
Romanticism, on the other hand, rejected the Enlightenment and the aesthetic of Neoclassicists, opting for a more individual and emotional approach to the arts. Romantic art often used colors to express feelings and emotion, drawing inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art and mythology, as well as medievalism and Gothicism, as well as mythology and folklore.
Most artists attempted to take a centrist approach, adopting different features of Neoclassicist and Romanticist styles to synthesize them, collectively known as Academic art. Adolphe William Bouguereau is considered a chief example of this stream of art.
What is a rebirth of all things intellectual and artistic called?
The Renaissance, a period of cultural, artistic, and intellectual innovation that occurred between the 14th and 16th centuries, began in Italy and spread to other parts of Europe. It produced prominent artists, scientists, and thinkers such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, and Botticelli. The Renaissance was renowned for its achievements in art and learning, and although some thinkers dismissed the preceding thousand years as the “Dark Ages”, it was still a fruitful period in intellectual production and creation.
The Renaissance lasted from around 1300 to 1500 CE, and its end occurred in the early sixteenth century due to the decline of Italy’s economic importance and slowing pace of change in arts and learning. However, the Renaissance never truly ended, as its innovations and advances spread across much of Europe, including art, education, architecture, scholarship, and commercial practices.
The timing of the Renaissance coincided with the Middle Ages crises, as most of Europe remained “medieval” during the Renaissance’s heyday in Italy. The Renaissance did not suddenly change the ways of life, technology, and political structure of the Middle Ages, as it took time for the innovations to spread beyond Italy. In Italy, the lives of most people were almost identical in 1500 to what they would have been centuries earlier.
What is the rebirth of art and creativity?
The Renaissance period marked a rebirth of creativity after the Dark Ages, transforming paintings from flat to more realistic and human. It focused on precise proportions, realistic perspective, shading, and lighting to bring the artwork to life. The art was commissioned by the church, aristocrats, and nobility as the economy recovered and more people had the means to secure portraits and art great works. Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel painting, which took four years and was paid 3000 ducats, would amount to approximately $78, 000 today.
What was the intellectual movement of the Renaissance called?
The Renaissance, spanning the 14th to 17th centuries, was a period of cultural, intellectual, and scientific advancements. It was marked by European discoveries, new views of mathematics and astronomy, and the advent of the printing press. The period was marked by changing ideas, enduring masterpieces of architecture, art, and literature, and a movement towards political and religious freedoms. This shift led to the Reformation movement, which caused a divide within the powerful Catholic Church, leading many Europeans to turn to the Protestant faith. Stefania Tutino, a history professor at UCLA, argues that the Reformation and Renaissance were two parallel but intertwined movements.
What are the 4 periods of Renaissance art?
The Renaissance, a period in Europe from the 14th century to 1600, marked a significant shift in painting, sculpture, and architecture. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern age and culminated in the High Renaissance, a brief phenomenon confined mainly to Italy in the first two decades of the 16th century. The early Renaissance originated in Florence, while the rich trading cities in the southern Netherlands and south-west Germany welcomed new creative possibilities. The early Renaissance can be described as the first great cultural achievement of the middle classes, who created their own forms of expression.
From around 1450, there was a reversion to Late Gothic forms, such as elongated figures, vibrant lines, and decorative detail. However, new creative possibilities emerged, particularly in sculpture, where the idea of a single, fixed viewpoint gave way to multiple viewpoints. This period marked the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern age.
What is intellectual creation called?
Intellectual property encompasses various forms of creation, including literary, artistic, inventions, designs, symbols, names, images, and computer code. It is protected by copyright, trademark law, and patents. This umbrella term encompasses both copyright and industrial property, such as trademarks, patents, and inventions. The purpose of intellectual property law is to safeguard creators and protect their rights in areas such as copyright, trademark law, and patents.
What was the intellectual change Renaissance?
Renaissance humanism aimed to master nature rather than develop religious piety, focusing on human decisions, actions, and creations rather than following the rules set by the Catholic Church. Despite many Renaissance humanists remaining religious, they believed God gave humans opportunities and it was humanity’s duty to do the best and most moral beings. Renaissance humanism was an ethical theory and practice that emphasized reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world.
Art was heavily influenced by classical art, with artists turning to Greek and Roman sculpture, painting, and decorative arts for inspiration and the meshed techniques with Renaissance humanist philosophy. Both classical and Renaissance art focused on human beauty and nature, with improved perspectives, light and shadow techniques, and more realistic paintings.
What period was the intellectual revolution?
The Intellectual Revolution, which spanned from 650 to 350 BC, was closely connected to the vitality of the polis/citizenship. The public discussion that allowed for different opinions to be expressed about war and peace also allowed for public discussion of political, social, and religious issues. The Persian Wars (490-79) and the Peloponnesian War (431-404) were significant temporal “brackets” that profoundly affected the process. The successes against the Persians were especially important as they validated the core values of the polis, such as consensual government, reasoned reasoning, and public discussion.
During the 6th century BC, the intellectual environment fostered by the polis fostered an alternate view of nature. This new interpretation of natural events did not deny existence to the gods but stressed a perception of nature that resembled our own understanding of science. To understand the characteristics of this new perception and why it became socially acceptable, it is essential to define the characteristics of this new perception and explain why it became socially acceptable.
Which period was considered an era of great artistic and intellectual?
The Renaissance was a period in European civilization that marked a revival of Classical learning and wisdom, resulting in new scientific laws, art, architecture, and religious and political ideas. It was characterized by a surge of interest in Classical scholarship and values, the discovery of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system, and the growth of commerce. The Renaissance was primarily a time of the revival of Classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.
The term “Middle Ages” was coined by scholars in the 15th century to describe the interval between the downfall of the Classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, set in motion a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance.
These transformations included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of old feudal structures.
What was the intellectual movement known as?
The Enlightenment, also referred to as the Age of Reason, constituted a pivotal intellectual and cultural movement during the 18th century. It placed a premium on reason over superstition and science over blind faith.
📹 Modern Thought and Culture in 1900: Crash Course European History #31
Europe was in transition politically and culturally at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, we’re looking at the dawn of modern …
It’s sad to realize that the world will probably never witness another era like the Renaisaance again. Art, literature, sculpture etc were at their peak. Now all we see in the mainstream media is sexualized (rap) music with disgusting lyrics and attention-seeking tiktokers shaking their arses and doing other dumb stuff. I can assure you that no one will remember the horrible generation that is Gen-Z. Truly sad.
Our greatest achievements happen just after they lose their authority over the people, when Napoleon removed the monarchy by force we got the new renaissance period, times of art and music science and culture, they still listen to the music produced by these free living folks, their artwork hung on their walls like prized possessions, they forget what it took to make them. The blood that went into that freedom, like the best times for music was the 70’s, people were coming back from Vietnam and they were crushed by the illusions of society, the people made music full of expression and freedom and we still sing the songs while forgetting the lyrics and meanings behind the anthems, so many lives inspired by their words and motives. The times people are allowed to express themselves are the times we move forward as people, they would still be owning slaves if no one rocked the boat Makes me wonder if they keep the art and listen to the music as a reminder not to let the peasantry get unruly.. or do they enjoy spending 50 million bucks for a bit of paint on canvas? 99.5% of the leaders of the free world are religious only 0.5% are atheist, aint it great seeing the pope saying they finally accepting same sex marriages, like we need to fit their social standard of what is normal… its not all just a system of oppression, a world based on bias and intolerance is it, making us foot the bill for their endless list of mistakes. Because they wont pay any taxes 1 man 2 Joe Bidens back made Germany a threat to their order, and we owe him our lives for giving birth to the scientific standard of testing and germ theory.
The Dark Ages may have existed in the West (with the barbarians who destroyed the Western Roman Empire, the burning of witches, religious wars, the brutal Inquisition…), but in the Balkans, the Middle Ages have absolutely nothing to do with the Dark Ages. After the fall of the Western Rome, the Balkans became the cultural center of the world primarily thanks to the Eastern Roman Empire, which existed until 1453. The West first came into contact with that culture when they sacked Constantinople in 1204. (youtu.be/u7_ewGVo65k) while Serbia and Bulgaria were in contact with that culture from the beginning, developing their culture under the influence of the Eastern Roman Empire. When you add to that the teachings of the Orthodox Church that prevented the possibility of the Inquisition and religious wars developing in the Balkans, it becomes clear why in terms of humanity and spirituality Byzantium, Serbia and Bulgaria were far ahead of Western Europe during the Middle Ages.
These are broad strokes of a deep and rich history, but we can’t settle for thinking that the plague evaporated as the arts, sciences and exploration expanded without it stemming from other parts of the world, most notably Africa. When western Europe conquered African territory, much of their economic strength was at due to African resources, by trade or through conquest. It’s not even a mystery that much of African history was destroyed and stolen by Europeans, therefore not all, but much of Europe’s rise to power came from the Motherland. The Renaissance came from the arts, sciences and earlier developments of Africa, who had been to Europe, traded with and coexhisted with, for centuries prior to the slave trade.
This article is inaccurate and is misleading. 700-1400ad, the Iberian peninsula was occupied by Moors. Western Rome collapsed as well with Europe. Spain was ruled by moors for 800 years. Their reign ended in Europe 1492. Which ended the Roman Crusades. That when true renaissance started. There rewrote history in favor of their skin color, they stole the identity of the moorish king, queens, buildings etc.
most people don’t realize the renaissance era was a consequence from china’s tang dynasty spiritual phenomena. all you see displayed on the article was heavily the spiritual awakening that was happening in china a few decades back. the renaissance era wouldn’t have happened if it weren’t for china and their discovery of gun powder.
Consider the fall of Rome and the Catholic Church and the reformations and the reality of trading and global influences. Group dynamics and needs of better… Oddly impactful… staying in places where landlords have influence over you… think about energy and actual and usury splices. Diversity matters a lot… humans matter. Current contexts and echoes. If we think about New Smyrna Beach and indentured intentions and actuals…. Paul and iterations of learnings and solving and growing over time and space. None of this stuff is easy… it’s not. Health helps.
The advent of photography, both then and now, meant that using art like paintings and sculpture to capture reality became less important. Instead pushing into abstraction, unreality, and surreal became necessary. While there is a tremendous amount of skill in capturing reality, there is a lot to be said and appreciated in capturing something that does not exist and communicating it to people in a way that makes them grow as people.
I wear crocs every day because my teaching job involves having to be on my feet a lot, and they’re lightweight, comfortable, and easy to clean. I know they’re not very fashionable, but actually I like wearing colorful and unconventionally-shaped clothing; I feel like having spent all this time growing up and wearing hand-me-downs, it’s really unpleasant to have to resign myself to one of six shades of mature, toned-down adult-colored clothing, and shoes that look much more practical than they are. bumming me out there, John.
Hi I’m only 6 min in but I just wanna say: I’m studying history at univeristy and THANK YOU for using so many examples of women!!! This is like a perfect example of how you should include women in normal history-telling: keep the most important examples (like Monet, Picasso etc.) but for other examples that would generally be less well-known use women that are even more less talked about!!! Again, thank you, CrashCourse, you’ve made this young female historian happy-cry over female representation.
It kinda annoys me a bit that the image of the earth at 9:02 rotates the wrong way, especially after John just talked about the sun rising in the east. I know it’s not a huge deal, but stuff like this can leave people confused about how it all works. Also the light spreading out from north America felt very US centric.
At 5:55, it is stated that “Hilma Af Klint produced the first entirely abstract painting with no relation to realistic form”. Is that to say that ‘at no other point in human history, has a painting, that bears ‘no relation to realistic form’ been produced? Or is this article merely presenting an impetus of each popular trend?
have you done a show on the history of overconsumption? i’m imagining that it must have begun alongside the industrial revolution, ’cause someone’s gotta buy all those worthless products. so i imagine psychological advertising started then, too. that’s when we started accumulating the waste that is now negatively impacting our environment. we have to stop adding to the mountain. 🌎
Dreyfus was a Captain at the time of his arrest. Years later, after a pardon, he was promoted to Major — Wikipedia: On 12 July 1906, Dreyfus was officially exonerated by a military commission. The day after his exoneration, he was readmitted into the army with a promotion to the rank of major (Chef d’Escadron). A week later, he was made Knight of the Legion of Honour, and subsequently assigned to command an artillery unit at Vincennes.
Thankyou so much team Crash Course, always grateful, especially before an exam haha! P.S. i miss the who’s here the night before an exam/deadline comments that used to plague the world history series years ago (damn that was YEARS ago) they were such a mood (Damn John now you’ve made me think of how my ways of communication have been changed by the changing times and the internet 😂) THANKS AGAIN! Much love, Unnati
Crash Course Philosophy was very much in the analytic tradition (oriented around philosophical problems, formal logic, induction, clear language, phil. of math, science, and a logical approach to answering what is language…it also attempted metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, ehtics, and political philosophy, and later aesthetics this way). How we know, what we know wasn’t through our history or our culture in that course. Hegelian idealism and (I think) marx were not addressed (if I remember right). Post-structuralism wasn’t. Asian philosophy or African Philosophy (which is considerably contemporary) weren’t. Was Pragmatism or Transcendentalism?
I thought Nietzsche and syphilis was a discounted theory. His father went through the same progression of symptoms so it seems to have been some kind of a hereditary condition. And I would have mentioned the gold foil experiment when you talked about the new conception of the atom. So much history, so little screen time.
So glad that you mentioned that almost all of Freud’s theories have been debunked and abandoned. As a psychology student, it baffles me when people still think that stuff like genital jealously or the whole incest thing is something therapists believe today. Freud is important cause he invented modern psychotherapy, and the “talk cure”. Not because of his weird sexual stuff.
I love it, everything created by the people of Europe is considered stolen. I can tell you certainly that for western music, nothing was stolen or appropriated. Some unique scales were produced to mimic other sounds found in other cultures but were based on the 12 tone system built by europeans. I can’t speak much for the paintings produced but from your standards, the rest of the civilized world appropriated western music, yes that does include blues and jazz musicians.
Dear Mr. Green, please submit a Gym subscription and hire a Personal Trainer, devote yourself to your workout schedule like an Islamic extremist and then host Crash Course ripped like a Mo**erfuc*ker and shirtless. You will finally become my all-around hero, my John Mclain of culture. Also, given the context of this comment, I wish you understand that, although incredible, I’m straight. Best Regards A devout fan, independently from how fit you are.
It’s interesting that I keep thinking we’re going to jump into WW1 for 3 episodes now and they keep putting it off. But in a sense they really are leading up to it. Examining what was happening in the world for a archduke took a fateful trip to Sarajevo, really helps to understand what happened both during and afterwards. Society as we knew it prior to the 20th century was changing quickly, WW1 was just a offshoot of that and it pretty much accomplished what the 20-30 years leading up to it had been threatening to do, completely destroy people’s trust in systems on government, power and society that had stood for centuries. As a results people retreated to the extremes and fearing each other became more and more extreme themselves and so we end up with rots where Socialist and Fascists fighting each other in the streets, America retreating into isolationism, Britain struggling to keep a hold on a fracturing empire as native people started demanding autonomy and freedoms they’d been promised if they fought for the empire then were promptly denied post-war. There really wasn’t much of a choise ACCEPT to have a 2nd world war when faced with such entrenched views as the world faced in the inter-war years.
Fortunately, making things beautiful and look realistic has never quite died out, and can now be found in virtual worlds as the power of computers has advanced to the degree that some computer game and computer-generated film scenes can no longer be distinguished from something that was real and was captured on film. It still takes a lot of training, and thus a lot of skill, to enable a good artist to make real art. It is people who lack that skill who focus on just making something provocative, who measure their success not in aesthetics but in how many people are annoyed or perturbed by what they have created. Mostly, that is either political activism or trolling, but I wouldn’t go so far as to call it art. Thinking back to “The Emperor’s New Clothes”, with most of what is marketed as modern art, modern ‘classical’ music and modern architecture, I ask the question why the Emperor is naked.
You would need to provide some evidence for the conecture that art influences or is part of what leads us to now. It’s equally plausible that it has little to no affect (outside of specific cases) since art is generally enjoyed by privledged elites, not the average person. But of course this is Crash Course were citations are at best sporadic and very often completely absent.