Ways To Enhance India’S Maternal Health?

India has made significant progress in reducing maternal and newborn mortality since the 1990s, with four key actions contributing to this achievement. First, India has increased access to quality maternal health services, such as antenatal care coverage, institutional deliveries, and postnatal care for mothers. Under the National Health Mission (NHM), India has worked to reduce the numerically high maternal mortality rate (MMR). By prioritizing improvements in maternal health outcomes in the EAGA states, India can accelerate the overall decline in MMR.

A cost-effectiveness study by Sue Goldie and colleagues found that better family planning, safe abortion provision, and improved intrapartum and emergency obstetrical care could reduce maternal mortality. This paper aims to assess maternal dietary patterns in India, examine enablers and barriers in adopting recommended diets, and review current policy and practices.

The government of India adopted the Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) framework in 2013, which aims to address the challenges faced by women in India. The integration of NPMs into the current health system has the potential to increase respectful maternity care, reduce unnecessary interventions, and improve antenatal care, delivery management, and health outcomes.

In addition to these efforts, hospitals need to be certified as women and baby friendly and implement multi-pronged strategies to improve the quality and efficiency of services. Hospitals and health systems can address this through strategies such as telemedicine and linking facilities that do not offer planned childbirth services with other facilities.

What are the programs for maternal health in India?

The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan, launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India, aims to provide free, comprehensive, and quality antenatal care to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month. The program, which was highlighted by the Indian Prime Minister in the 31st July 2016 episode of Mann Ki Baat, guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their 2nd/3rd trimesters of pregnancy at designated government health facilities.

What is the leading cause of maternal mortality in India?

Major maternal mortality causes in India include hemorrhage, infections, and pre-existing health issues. Hemorrhage, a leading cause of maternal mortality, can result from complications like placenta previa, placental abruption, or uterine atony. Infections, particularly in rural areas, can spread during pregnancy and postpartum, leading to maternal mortality. Poor hygiene, inadequate prenatal care, and unclean birthing practices also contribute to maternal mortality.

Pre-existing health issues, such as anemia, malnutrition, diabetes, high blood pressure, or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, also increase the risk of maternal mortality during pregnancy and childbirth.

What is the leading cause of maternal death in India?

Major maternal mortality causes in India include hemorrhage, infections, and pre-existing health issues. Hemorrhage, a leading cause of maternal mortality, can result from complications like placenta previa, placental abruption, or uterine atony. Infections, particularly in rural areas, can spread during pregnancy and postpartum, leading to maternal mortality. Poor hygiene, inadequate prenatal care, and unclean birthing practices also contribute to maternal mortality.

Pre-existing health issues, such as anemia, malnutrition, diabetes, high blood pressure, or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, also increase the risk of maternal mortality during pregnancy and childbirth.

Which state of India has the highest maternal mortality rate?

Assam, India has the highest maternal mortality rate in the country, resulting from maternal deaths during pregnancy or post-pregnancy, including post-abortion or post-birth periods. This mortality rate varies across different countries and cultures, with significant variations in healthcare access and socioeconomic factors. Pregnancy is a vulnerability that puts women at risk of dying, and India is one of many countries with high pregnancy-related deaths each year.

Complications during and following pregnancy, childbirth, or abortion can be easily preventable or treatable, while others may exist before pregnancy but worsen during pregnancy if not managed as part of a woman’s care.

Which scheme is used to reduce maternal mortality in India?

The Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) is a government-sponsored initiative that was introduced in 2011. It provides free healthcare services to pregnant women who give birth in government-run healthcare facilities.

What are the maternal health problems in India?

The major complications causing nearly two-thirds of maternal deaths include severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure during pregnancy, delivery complications, and unsafe abortions. The Maternal Mortality Ratio in India decreased by 33 points from 2014-16 to 97/100, 000 live births in 2018-20, saving 8, 580 additional mothers annually in 2020. The total estimated annual maternal deaths also decreased from 33800 in 2016 to 25, 220 in 2020.

What is India doing to reduce maternal mortality?

The study reveals that institutional delivery and skilled birth attendance are the two most influential health system factors in reducing maternal mortality (MMR) in India. MMR is the number of maternal deaths per 100, 000 live births within a given time period, and in 2017, about 295, 000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth. Globally, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target a reduction of global MMR to less than 70 per 100, 000 births, with no country having MMR more than twice the global average.

Achieving this target would require an average reduction of roughly three times the yearly rate reduction achieved during the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) era. The “three delay” concept, which includes delays in seeking care, getting to a health facility, and health institutions providing proper care, has been the guiding framework for formulating policies and programs to reduce MMR. However, the inadequacy of data collection at the smallest spatial unit makes it difficult to gather routine and comprehensive information about maternal deaths.

What are the 10 components of safe motherhood?

It is imperative that the policy framework be designed to promote comprehensive reproductive health services, including family planning, counseling, education on safe motherhood, maternal nutrition promotion, prenatal care, and adequate delivery assistance. These services are essential for overall health.

What is the goal 5 improve maternal health?

Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5) aims to improve maternal health by achieving two primary targets: 5A and 5B. Target 5A aims to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio by 75 percent, while Target 5B aims to achieve universal access to reproductive health. This is supported by research from the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), the Department of Reproductive Health and Research at the World Health Organization, the Department of Paediatrics at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, GLIDE Technical Cooperation and Research, and the Department of Social Medicine at Ribeirão Preto Medical School.

What are the current strategies for the reduction of maternal mortality?

The article by Orion Gliozheni and E. Gliozheni discusses various policies that can reduce maternal mortality and morbidity, including skilled attendance at childbirth, accessible essential obstetric care, service quality improvements, adequate antenatal care, postpartum care, making abortion safe, family planning, and community mobilization. These policies aim to improve the quality of care, reduce maternal mortality, and promote safe and effective abortion practices.