Over 35 different self-care products can be made at home, including soaps, bath salts, shower decongestant melts, toner, dry shampoo, moisturiser, and natural vapour rub. Self-care kits are pre-curated collections of items to help during difficult mental health periods. To create a DIY self-care kit, follow these steps:
- Create a guided journal to help you get started with journaling.
- Create homamde bodycare recipes and DIYs that promote self-care.
- Build an affordable and effective DIY self-care kit filled with practical products.
- Create 15 DIY beauty, skincare, and personal care recipes infused with essential oils to pamper your body from head to toe.
- Create 20 recipes for scrubs, lotions, and creams to make for yourself or gifting.
- Make your own foaming hand soap using sugar, honey, and carrier oil.
- Create homemade bar soap, bath salts, hydrating avocado face mask, gingerbread body scrub, and aromatherapy candles.
- Explore 8 inspiring self-care business ideas to help you change the world, nurture others, and make money as a wellness entrepreneur.
In summary, creating a DIY self-care kit can be a fun and effective way to pamper your body from head to toe. By incorporating essential oils into your routine, you can boost your self-care routine and make a positive impact on the world.
📹 ✩ diy self care products ✩
Thankyou for watching! Etsy: https://www.etsy.com/au/shop/CraftingWitchShop Insta: @craftingwitch.
How to create a wellness box?
To create a wellbeing box, everyone should think about messages that make them feel good and choose small, happy objects that can help them relax or remember memories. Examples of items that could include a favorite book, a cuddly toy, coloring pencils, a funny photo, fidget toys, a list of favourite films, stress balls, nice-smelling products, or nail varnish.
Plan how to get hold of these items and ensure they are taken home when they’re not needed. Cover the box with wrapping paper, scraps of fabric, or unwanted posters, and cover the lid separately. Decorate the box with positive messages, jokes, quotes, song lyrics, or pictures to make you smile. Fill the box with other items, either from home or provided by the Scout Group.
Share the boxes with everyone, taking turns to show off their box and share the items they’ve put in. Share why they chose certain items and why they make them feel a certain way. Remember that their boxes can be a ‘work in progress’, and they can add new items as they want, as their favorite things change or they try new ways to relax.
How do you make self-care?
Self-care is essential for maintaining mental health, which includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It is more than the absence of a mental illness; it is essential for overall health and quality of life. Self-care can help support treatment and recovery if you have a mental illness. NIH Wellness Toolkits, MedlinePlus, CDC, and SAMHSA offer strategies for improving emotional and social health.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) provides tools and resources for improving emotional health and social health, while MedlinePlus offers health information and tips for improving mental health.
The CDC provides information on coping with stress and promoting social connectedness, while SAMHSA offers tips for taking care of well-being and connecting with others for support. The information on the NIMH website and publications is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission.
What is the missing ingredient in self-care?
The speaker posits that in order to act upon the insights presented, it is imperative to cultivate one’s own self-care practices.
What are some good self-care items?
The Nekteck Shiatsu Neck and Back Massager is a top-rated self-care gift overall, priced at $47. The Novovida Ice Globes for Facials are a budget option, priced at $10. The Lunya Washable Silk High-Rise Pajamas are a luxurious indulgence, priced at $278. The Laneige Icons To Go and Besties Set is a great gift set, priced at $27. These products are independently selected by editors and may earn an affiliate commission.
The best self-care gifts are those that pamper, relax, and indulge your loved ones, and can be given any day of the week. These gifts can include comfortable pajamas, silk pillowcases, and luxurious skin-nourishing creams.
Is it legal to sell homemade skin care products?
The FDA does not license cosmetics firms, but state or local authorities may require licensing or other requirements. To find more information on FDA requirements, contact your state or local authorities directly or consult the Small Business Administration. The “Resources for You: Industry” list provides information on labeling, color additives, imports, exports, other agencies, laws, and regulations for members of the cosmetics industry, including labels, color additives, imports, exports, and other relevant agencies.
What are the 7 pillars of self-care?
Self-care is crucial during the holiday season, and can be practiced through various methods such as exercise, eating well, meditation, and therapy. These practices fit into the seven pillars: mental, emotional, physical, environmental, spiritual, recreational, and social. A well-balanced routine should include each pillar, avoiding limiting oneself to just one or two.
Mental self-care involves cultivating a healthy mindset through mindfulness and curiosity, such as journaling, meditation, and taking breaks from screen time. Emotional self-care involves developing healthy coping strategies for daily stress, such as watching movies, listening to music, writing positive affirmations, seeking help when needed, and setting boundaries to protect oneself and one’s heart.
What is the most popular form of self-care?
Americans are making significant progress in self-care, with 92 of them spending an average of six hours per week engaging in self-care activities. The most common self-care activities include sleep, listening to music, drinking water, relaxing, and walking. Additionally, 6 in 10 Americans feel they have enough time and money for the necessary self-care. However, self-care can be expensive, with an average monthly spending of $90. Exercise, walking, sleeping, watching comfort TV shows, and listening to music are the most popular self-care activities among Americans. Investing in one’s mental and physical health is crucial.
What self-care products can I make at home?
This list of self-care DIY projects includes homemade bar soap, homemade bath salts, hydrating avocado face mask, gingerbread body scrub, aromatherapy candles, yogurt face mask, homemade salt scrub, and DIY stress relief tea. The author, who used to run a lifestyle and DIY site called SHEuncovered, is a DIY lover who enjoys creating projects that promote productive relaxation. These DIYs provide two benefits: a satisfying task that doesn’t involve polishing off a Netflix series and an at-home spa experience.
The author encourages readers to explore these DIYs and find ways to incorporate them into their daily routines to promote self-care and overall well-being. The list includes affiliate links and a disclosure policy for those interested in exploring DIY self-care projects.
What are the 3 rules of self-care?
Self-care is a lifestyle that involves prioritizing and protecting mental wellness in all aspects of life. It should inform the way you treat yourself, interact with others, and respond to the chaotic world around you on a daily basis. Self-care should not be limited to doing one-time or occasional nice things, such as going to the spa or taking a vacation. When practiced properly, self-care becomes a lifestyle orientation that prioritizes and protects mental wellness in all aspects of life.
The world is ever-changing, and your relationships and needs will change as you transition through different phases of your life. Therefore, self-care should not be seen as a rigid list of dos and don’ts that you abide by from now until the end of your life. Instead, self-care should be a collection of fluid principles and practices that stretch and bend across your lifespan. You should regularly evaluate these principles and practices, add new ones if needed, and discard or revise those that no longer serve your best interest.
When creating your own self-care lifestyle, it is critical to think about what people, places, things, and habits you need to eliminate to protect your mental wellness. For example, one important part of my self-care routine was being highly selective of the music videos I watch, as I realized that the misogyny and colorism in many videos were not uplifting to my mental wellness.
In conclusion, self-care is not just about introducing new habits or activities, but also about eliminating emotionally toxic people, practices, and things from your life to protect your mental wellness.
What are the 5 C’s of self-care?
Lorner’s 5 C’s are essential for positive youth development, including competence, confidence, connection, caring/compassion, and character. When all five are fully realized, a sixth C, contribution, is achieved. The fourth C, caring/compassion, is about having a sense of sympathy and empathy for others. These qualities are built over time and can be developed through life experiences. To build caring and compassion, adults should expose young people to various experiences and people, helping them imagine what life experiences might feel like.
For example, when hearing about someone’s illness, empathy can be based on personal experiences, while chronic illness can be influenced by personal experiences. By doing so, young people can develop empathy and compassion, which can be beneficial in their personal and professional lives.
📹 DIY BEAUTY/SELF CARE PRODUCTS | how to make face masks, body butters, lip scrubs 🙂
Hey guys here are some diy beauty product ideas. You can make your own face masks, lip scubs, body butters and more!
Hi I just wanted to jump on here and mention a few things. Everyones skin is different, some have very sensitive skin and some have more forgiving skin, some oily, some dry, people have allergies, some of the ingredients mentioned work great with certain people and some simply do not. I personally use all products mentioned in my skin care routine, and i have been using them for years, I do not use store bought products at all . I do not have acne and I am not prone to break outs or clogged pores and those who experience these things obviously need to use products suited to their skin. Research your skin type, do patch tests, as you would with ANYTHING YOU PUT ON YOUR SKIN. I have been putting coconut oil on my face for like, my whole life, but a lot of people say it makes them break out- sure, not everybody is the same. I’m not a dermatologist, just a gal tryna inspire w/ some creativity and fun. Informative and respectful comments are welcome and appreciated as always 💕
A couple thing. I am not a dermatologist or professional at making makeup i have done my research, a lot of it. The honey mask will be awesome on the rest of your body but avoid the face with it! Its great if you opt out the brown sugar as sugar isnt good for the skin on your face, it causes micro tears in the skin. Anything rough or grainy isnt good for your face. The lips are different so sugar scrubs are great for lips. For the face toner you need a perservative or it can grow bacteria, persevatives dont have to be expensive or hard id suggest doing some research. Also for your face scrubs make sure your hands arent wet when you grab some of the scrub because water exposure can cause bacteria growth. These are amazing diys just please be careful making them.
I do understand that everyone’s skin is different. But lemon juice really shouldn’t be being applied topically to the skin regardless of whether your skin reacts to it or not. Not seeing damage doesn’t mean damage is not happening. The rest of the ingredients I can kinda shrug about due to everyone’s skin being different. But lemon juice is not for anyone’s skin. Even if your skin isn’t sensitive. It is too acidic for anyone’s skin.
This needs to be pinned! – Honey doesn’t do anything special: You’re better off with a formulated cleanser and moisturizer. Cinnamon is too acidic, lemon is too acidic, sugar and coffee grounds are too rough. Vitamin E can give you dark spots and skin discoloration, Geranium is an essential oil and is toxic to us and lavender is too much of an irritant to be applied to skin. Coconut oil clogs pores and is a terrible moisturizer. Lemom has a pH of 2.0 and our skin has a pH of 5~6. It will make your mucus membranes weak and frail and you will burn in the sun. DIY skin care is dangerous!
For those wondering what to use other than a physical exfoliants i will reposts a reply i put under this article: Physical exfoliants in general are bad even when it seems relatively gentle. A better option is chemical exfoliants (don’t be scared of the word chemical) which are healthy gentle exfoliants that will break down dead skin and gunk at a much deeper level than even physical exfoliants do at a much gentler level. There are a broad range of diff chemical exfoliants some are more gentle than others so you can pick one that’s best suited for your skin do some research!! the results will be more subtle than physical exfoliants(because obvs when ur literally tearing a layer of ur skin off it’s going to feel super smooth) but overtime u will see the harsh results of using physical exfoliants. The only physical exfoliant that i would recommend would be the aztec clay mask which I really like after you use the mask just gently allow for the water to rinse it off with slight help of ur hand to get excess off for slight exfoliation. I hope this helps ALSO i recommend the brand : The Ordinary they hve incredibly CHEAP ass products im talking under 10 for practically all their skin care they are a clean brand, fragrance free, and extremely transparent with all of their ingredients.
For the mask you can replace the lemon with acv or even just plain vinegar and it would work just fine. Coconut oil can be replaced with olive, avocado etc. The sugar can be replaced with fine sand, silt or even sea salt. It’s not recommended to exfoliate the face too often though. Maybe once or twice a week. Rule of thumb, if you have a problem spot/s chances are, theyre not really a problem to begin with but you just have to go at it with consistent gentle attention. It is your skin after all. The largest organ on the body and what people see first. Also cinnamon can be replaced with ground rosemary, or tumeric. Adding ground Cheyenne or any hot ground peppers will get that blood flow going and you’ll feel a nice tingle especially around your lips just keep out of eyes!
Cute ideas but in reality the lip scrub and the toner are the only things not to have qualms over. The bath salt is fine as a bath salt but DO NOT I repeat DO NOT steam your face with this. Do not breath it in, do not get it in your eye, dont put it on your face. Just an over all bad idea (you can however steam your face with the featured toner). All of the face products here are pretty bad for the face but some are okay for the skin on the body (the particles from the seasoning (for lack of a better word) are too abrasive for the skin on the face and will cause micro tears which results in early aging of the skin (unnoticeable at first but it catches up quick)). DO NOT PUT LEMON JUICE ON YOUR SKIN IN ANY SHAPE OR FORM (as this will strip your skin and is corrosive as well as ruin the ph or your skin. Remember that something made 5 min in the kitchen cant beat something that was produced and tested in a lab and was made specifically for your skin. You can replace some of these homemade products with storebought one’s (cerave and simple are two skincare brands that are affordable and efficient, they are also well like among dermatologists). If you still want to try a jomemade recipe be sure to talk to a dermatologist or at the very least your practitioner/doctor. Much love and best of luck!
Please don’t use coconut oil or lemon juice on your face coconut oil makes your face more oily and clogs pores(so do essential oils), using lemon on your face is too acidic which is bad for the top barrier for your skin on your face and can cause sun damage because of the weakness of skin. Those are just some of the reasons why you shouldn’t use those products on your face. Also don’t rub too long or too rough on your face for the scrubs and only use them 2 to 3 times a week.
After all, a tip for best skin is not by applying products on the outer side But to eat healthy and to get our digestive tracks proper abd regular and to keep our body clean and exfoliated from the inside to remove waste regularly from the body This will make our skin look healthy and glowing from the inside as well as outside And products and cosmetics must be used just to make sure that dirt and germs are removed only
never. i mean NEVER DIY skin care. skin care is physical, its medical, its not metaphysical. you should only ever be using products designed by and formulated by professionals in the field when it comes to taking care of the /largest organ that is part of your body/. i do not care if you have “good results”, don’t diy and dont tell others your diy recipes. it perpetuates a harmful behaviour and is actively detrimental.
Don’t use coconut oil or coffee or essential oils on your face. The problem with DIY skincare is that it’s does not have preservation while it can be all fun it’s just messy and problematic. First, coconut oil clogged the pores which cause breakouts. Secondly, coffee grounds are tiny little shards which can tear your epidermist on your skin, sugar is okay as it breakdown with water but coffee grounds does not but I’m also not a huge fan of sugar scrub. Thirdly, if you have a very sensitive skin don’t put essential oils and lemon juice on your face that will further irrtate the skin, I’m telling you guys from experience, I used to do all these DIY scrubs, facemask, but it doesn’t really benefit me that much instead it break me out more cause I was using coconut oil, then I came across one of Hyram article and guys, I learn so much, not natural is always best, sometimes it does more harm. And not all chemicals are dangerous, watch his articles, he save my skin. But if you say DIY and natural is your thing and think it works for you then keep going, it’s your skin and it’s your choice, but just telling you guys from my experience.
NONONO!!!!!!!! sugar and coffee are way too harsh on your face, lemon is extremely acidic, will fuck up your skin, essential oils are too concentrated and can damage your skin too, please leave this diy thing to people who actually know what they’re doing and stop false educating people who know nothing about certain ingredients.
The “honey face mask” is a good exfoliant for your body, especially before shaving, but don’t use it on your face. The coconut oil will clog your pores, the lemon juice is too acidic for your face and the cinnamon is bad for people with sensitive skin as it’ll make you get rashes and redness (I thought my skin wasn’t sensitive but I used this cinnamon mask thing in my hair once and it got onto my forehead and made it red and itchy for days). Also, the brown sugar, or any sugar in general, is too harsh and exfoliating for your skin, especially sensitive skin. But you can use this scrub on your lips since it will exfoliate the dryness away. Only use once a week though or your lips will become sensitive. P.s : I’m not a dermatologist but I really want to be one when I’m older since it’s my dream job and I love biology and skincare 🙂
IMPORTANT: Omg!! Everyone BE CAREFUL for the first one don’t dare put cinnamon on your face!!! If you think it’s a good scrub it NOT use salt instead!!! I actually made a honey and cinnamon mask and it made my face burn and red after only applying it for a minute and now I have pimples and a red face. Please don’t destroy your face. Sure it might not do anything for some people but don’t take that risk!! Keep your skin healthy!! Also pls like so more ppl can notice this!
Please anyone perusal this don’t put coconut oil on your face it will clog your pores and please please i cant stress this enough DONT put honey or suger on your face it is really bad for acne and will just make it but green tea is really good for DRINKING if you want your skin to glow please understand i am not hating i thought the article was really good but you can tell she doesn’t know what she is doing she’s just google it I’m not saying this to hate on her website i think its amazing shes doing really well but I’m just trying to help you guys and please dont put lemon on your face
Don’t use lemon and coconut oil on your face. I don’t know why people still use these things. There are so many articles out there where experts explain why you should avoid using these ingredients. These ingredients could harm your skin in long run. Don’t make articles like this just so you can get some views with few knowledge about the ingredients. People who watches your article thinks this is good and start using it. These DIY bs articles are getting out of control
Im a pharmacist, I dont mean to be offensive, but those “natural” remedies arent always the best option, bcs we have to be as germ free as possible in terms of putting things on our face and we cant make sure leaf or flowers etc are sterile or not, and they most likely wont give the effect we want because they have the chemical properties but not enhanced enough to pentrate into our skin to create the effect, and with natural remedies we cant control the dosage of the chemical contain that we use (example : lemon acid helps exfoliate our skin in certain amount, but too much of it will cause irritattion and inflamation), use the remedies in moderation, stop right away and go to doctor if you find allergic reaction, hope this can help. 🙂
Coconut oil isnt good for tgat mask. Try olive oil or jojoba, even sweet almond for some basic oils. Use distilked water when steeoing the tea for the toner. The serum should not replace your moisturizer. Always Use a moisturizer after you apply a serum. I have a natural skincare website that can help you choose the best oils for your skin type. These are beautiful products but you just want to make sure you are using the right ingredients. Especially when using essential oils.
Just a little suggestion for those who wanna try coconut oil. You have to make sure it’s a virgin coconut oil and cold-pressed because it is the one that is good for skin, so make sure of that. Also don’t microwive coconut oil, instead just put it in a warm water for it to melt. But then again, honestly you just have no other option but doing trial-and-error for your skin. Because everyone skin is different and what works for others doesn’t always mean it would works for you and vice versa. So just try until you find the one that works
Obviously people can post almost whatever they want, I understand 🙂 However I would like to discuss the facts, don’t want to be rude, hope you undesrtand. Since when is a serum just oils? Oils have big molecules. I am not sure okay but shouldn’t a serum have a big concentration of active ingredients (vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, salicylic acid…) and small molecules so they can penetrate the skin? Not sure. However I am sure that this mixture will sit mainly on the surface of a face because of the big molecules. I’m not making this up, I researched it. What do you think? Ph of a lemon is too low. It will upset the balance of the skin I think.
Cinnamon is probably the WORST thing you can put in any skincare product. It’s extremely irritating for the skin and is considered very unsafe. You don’t see cinnamon in skincare products for a reason. NO ONE PUT CINNAMON IN THEIR HOMEMADE SKIN CARE ANYTHING! And no it’s not a matter “it works for you so screw everyone else if cinnamon upsets their skin in any way. Find ONE skin care product that has cinnamon. You’re not going to because no one should be using it to begin with. So don’t hide behind “use at your own risk” for something no one should be using in the first place. It’s terrible information. You’re arrogant for disregarding it as such
ok so i’m no expert in skin care, this is coming from someone who just clicked on this article to try some things to maybe help my skin improve a bit better. i tried the honey face mask, and i used regular sugar instead of brown sugar. it worked just as well if not better. i also didn’t use lemon. i left the mask on for about 15 minutes. afterward i washed my face with my usual cleanser. i have to say it did definitely make my skin more soft and not as oily vs. if i only used the cleanser i use every night. so i highly recommend the honey face mask 🙂
This is amazing THANK YOU! I just also wanna mention the everybody is not the same that being said I’ve been using lemon for a long time and( I’m a swimmer) it has not done any damage to my skin overall my whole well-being the same thing with natural honey soo that being said I hope some of you realize of different we all are. People appreciate the warning but we are different what works for me won’t work for you or what works for you wont work for me just saying anyway THANK YOUUUUU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Okay so because the creator didnt bother to include that or to answer any questions in this comment section; LASTING; I did my research and i found out that you need to store it in the fridge, and depending on ingredients the products LAST FOR A WEEK/ 3 MONTHS, but you should probably make 1 batch and then just see how it goes with time, if the structure or smell or anything is off dont use it!!!! If its good just try it on a small section of skin so you dont get any rash if its gone bad. Just check reguraly and you will see how long does your specifitc diy skin product last. You can also use natural stuff to get longer lasting products, but they all need to be stored in fridge or cold place.
Be careful with lavender, rose hip or generally any essential oil applied to the skin. Very very commonly these things can cause contact dermatitis. You can also go years using these products and then develop contact dermatitis at ANY time… a lot of people assume ‘oh I’ve been using this for years and then I got hives/contact dermatitis but I know it’s not the product because I’ve used it so long’ like I said… contact dermatitis can develop ANY time
I see a lot of people saying things like ‘don’t use this is does X’ and ‘don’t use this it does Y!’ ya’ll realize that you’re not supposed to use these items every day right?? Some of ya’ll on here give me the feeling that you think you should use a face mask, exfoliate, tone, or whatever on the daily. Chill. If you wanna buy consumer made products then go for it; let people have a bit of fun for one night. It’s only a problem if it’s done every day without any care in the world.
So a lot of comments are talking about certain things you shouldn’t put on your face, and I can agree, but the only thing I disagree is about the coconut oil. Some people do break out, but coconut oil/almond oil is actually really good for your skin and it’s been something I have been using for years and has helped my skin with hydration, softness and plumpness.
For people commenting how coconut oil is bad for the skin or that they are in cosmetology school and that stuff in this article is wrong, well let me add my two cents as a med student who’s going to be going into the dermatology stream: yes coconut oil can clog pores, that being said not everyone has the same pores. It all depends on the type of pores you have and the type of skin (enlarged, blackhead, whitehead, acne ; normal, dry, oily, or combination). If you suffer from acne issues and have oily skin then of course coconut oil is not a good option. However if you have extremely dry skin and relatively normal pores, adding a little bit of coconut oil is good to moisturize and the antimicrobial properties deem it a helpful medium since the linoleic acid and unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid renders it an emollient and skin soother. Concentrated lemon juice is not good for the face but there are many ways to distill the lemon to make it more alkaline yet still have the right amount of acidic properties to help as an antibacterial and a good source of vitamin C (i.e steam distilling lemon peels). If you plan on using lemon juice use it as spot treatment only and do not use it frequently. My point is, there is nothing wrong with using products like these as long as you know your skin type and as long as you treat them chemically to make it compatible for the facial skin.
Phthalates are used as preservative in products, which endocrine disrupting chemicals linked to altered development of the male reproductive tract, and their release into the environment via wastewater is of ecological concern because of their potent toxicity to aquatic organisms. Natural glow pack and green essentials scrub from Planet Ayurveda are the amazing choice for skin acre routine.
Search results for coconut oil Coconut oil should always be used in its purest form especially if you are going to put it on our face. … Next, take into consideration your skin type as coconut oil is naturally comedogenic due to its ability to lock in moisture. Those with oily, acne prone skin should proceed with caution.
esto esta tan errado en muchísimos factores. por favor, si vas a hacer un article asegurate de dar instrucciones y precauciones, sobre cómo usarlo, sobre que piel y cual no. El limón no es recomendado para usar en la piel, ya que la puede irritar y la vuelve más sensible, especialmente al sol. Algo que debiste aclarar en el article. Los productos no deben almacenarse, ya que si se los tiene por mucho tiempo se echarán a perder y comenzarán a ir muy mal. (Uso de una sola vez en todo caso.) Además, el aceite de coco es comedogénico, por lo que a menudo puede conducir al acné, pero eso difiere de persona a persona. Ten cuidado de lo que subes si no vas a aclarar, porque llegará a tanta gente que no está del todo informada, y les puede traer grandes consecuencias. Solo una critica constructiva. X
Very nice ideas 🙂 However, two things about the first recipe: people with acne should not use scrubs, because you can spread the bacteria instead – chemical exfoliation is the best option. For the face I also wouldn’t recommend using the coconut oil, cause it may clog the pores. But I think your idea is great for a body scrub, can’t wait to use it this way 😀
So a lot of people in the comments are freaking out about the coconut oil and brown sugar on your face, I agree with the lemon part (too acidic) but I have used the mask without the lemon a couple times and I’m fine so maybe everyone’s skin is just different so it deals with it differently🤷🏼♂️ Idk just my 2 cents u dont have to listen to me
actually what if u dont have microvae oven ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? also what if no honey??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????what if no coconut oil?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????