A diagnostic medical physicist is a qualified medical physicist who works with radiologists and other physicians on image modalities such as CT (computed tomography), x-rays (radiography), fluoroscopy, mammography, ultrasound, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Radiographers are doctors who diagnose and treat patients using image-guided, minimally invasive techniques such as X-rays and MRI. They carefully take x-rays, CT scans, and sonograms to create images of the inside of the body.
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, a German mechanical engineer and physicist, discovered X-rays in 1895 accidentally while testing whether cathode rays could pass through glass. This momentous event instantly revolutionized the fields of physics and medicine. Röntgen reported the discovery of X-rays in December 1895 after seven weeks of assiduous work during which he had studied the properties of this new technology.
The history of radiology has started with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. He was the first person to observe X-rays, a significant scientific advancement that changed the field of medicine. The modern X-ray tube was invented by English physicist William Crookes before scientists had discovered x-rays or electrons. Radiographers play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating multiple medical conditions using imaging equipment.
📹 How Do X-rays Work?
X-rays were one of the first forms of biomedical imaging and NIBIB’s 60 Seconds of Science explain how they create those images …
Who is the developer of X-rays?
In 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German Professor, discovered X-rays in his laboratory. He observed a fluorescent glow of crystals near his cathode-ray tube, which contained positive and negative electrodes. When a high voltage was applied, the tube produced a fluorescent glow. Roentgen shielded the tube with heavy black paper and discovered a green colored fluorescent light generated by a material nearby. He concluded that a new type of ray was being emitted from the tube, capable of passing through the heavy paper covering and exciting phosphorescent materials.
The new ray could pass through most substances, casting shadows of solid objects, and even human tissue. Roentgen’s first experiment was a film of his wife’s hand, and the first use of X-rays was for an industrial application.
Roentgen’s discovery was a scientific bombshell, and scientists worldwide could duplicate his experiment due to the well-known cathode tube. Many scientists dropped other lines of research to pursue the mysterious rays, and newspapers and magazines provided the public with numerous stories about the properties of the newly discovered rays.
What is the study of X-rays called?
Radiology is a medical field that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat diseases. It can be divided into diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology. Diagnostic radiologists interpret images to diagnose and treat diseases, while interventional radiologists focus on examining structures within the body. They can also monitor the body’s response to treatments and screen for various illnesses like breast, colon, or heart disease.
What is an X-ray person called?
A radiologic technologist, also known as radiographer, performs medical exams using X-rays on patients to create images of specific body parts. These images are then interpreted by a doctor for diagnosis and disease monitoring. Radiographers prepare patients for exams, position them correctly, operate equipment, and minimize radiation doses. They work with doctors to treat patients of all ages, including infants to the elderly.
Common duties include assessing, evaluating, testing patients, preparing and positioning patients for imaging, attending to patient needs during procedures, maintaining radiation protection knowledge, independently performing procedures, and documenting medications according to state and federal regulations.
Who invented X-ray Ukraine?
Ivan Pavlovych Puluj, born on February 2, 1845, was a Ukrainian physicist and inventor who independently discovered X-rays. Born in Hrymailiv, Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire (now Ukraine), Puluj moved to Smíchov, Austria-Hungary (now Prague, Czech Republic). His contributions were largely neglected until the end of the 20th century, but his work significantly contributed to the development of X-ray technology.
What is an X-ray developer?
The process of developing film involves several steps to convert a latent image on a radiograph into a useful image. The first step is to expose the film to a developer solution, which is a special chemical that reduces exposed silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver. This process is a multi-step process, involving the penetration of the protective coating of the film, which is made of gelatin and sensitive to temperature and water. The developer solution consists of alkali, metol or hydroquinone mixed with water, which is used to reduce the exposed silver bromide to black metallic oxide.
The second step is the stop bath, which is made up of glacial acetic acid and water. This bath neutralizes any excessive development of the silver crystals, preventing the development of an impossible-to-interpret radiographic image. The third step is the fixer, which permanently fixes the image on the film. This process involves removing any unexposed silver crystals and hardening the remaining crystals in the emulsion.
Once the film is properly developed, it is rinsed in water and dried to allow for visual examination. The three main parts of radiographic film are the base, the emulsion, and the protective coating.
Who produces X-rays?
X-rays are generated in X-ray tubes through the acceleration of electrons by a potential difference, which are then directed towards a target material, such as tungsten. As the electrons decelerate within the target, they release X-rays.
Who is X-ray named after?
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, a German scientist, discovered X-rays in 1895, a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Known as Röntgen radiation, it is named after an unknown type of radiation. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than ultraviolet rays and longer than gamma rays. There is no universally accepted definition of the bounds of the X-ray band, but they typically have a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to frequencies in the 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz range and photon energies in the 100 eV to 100 keV range. X-rays are not to be confused with X-wave or X-band. For imaging methods, see Radiography, and for medical specialty, see Radiology.
What is the old name for X-rays?
X-rays (X-radiation) are a type of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, named after German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Discovered in 1895, X-rays have wavelengths shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays. There is no universally accepted definition of the bounds of the X-ray band, but they typically have a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to frequencies in the 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz range and photon energies in the 100 eV to 100 keV range. X-rays are not to be confused with X-wave or X-band. For imaging methods, see Radiography, and for medical specialty, see Radiology.
Who is the physician of the X-rays?
Radiologists are medical doctors who use imaging procedures like X-rays, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, PET, and ultrasound to diagnose and treat injuries and diseases. They complete at least 13 years of training, including medical school, a four-year residency, and an additional one- or two-year fellowship. They are certified by the American Board of Radiology and have strict requirements for continuing medical education. For more information on exams, disease conditions, and treatments, visit radiologyinfo. org.
What is the profession of radiography?
Radiographers, also known as medical imaging technologists, are allied health professionals who use medical imaging tests like x-rays and CT scans to diagnose, monitor, and treat illnesses and injuries. To practice in Australia, radiographers must complete a university degree and undergo supervised training in an approved hospital radiology department or private clinic. They interpret these tests and perform treatments using various techniques.
Who produced X-rays?
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays in December 1895 after seven weeks of work, which led to intense research in various fields. Physicians and physicists began using X-rays on patients to investigate the skeleton, lung, and other organs, leading to the birth of radiology. The first patient was treated by radiotherapy in June 1896. J. J. Thomson showed that X-rays could ionize gaz, leading to the discovery of electrons in 1897. H. Becquerel discovered radioactivity in March 1896 while investigating the role of the phosphorescence of the glass tube.
X-rays and radioactivity were at the origin of the scientific revolution at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Research on radioactive materials demonstrated the existence of atoms, which had been considered a convenient hypothesis for explaining chemical reactions. The interaction of particles emitted by radionuclides and atoms allowed the study of the structure of the atom and its nucleus. Matter, energy, electricity, and light were found to be discrete, with particles of matter (elementary particles), energy (quanta, Planck 1905), electricity (electron), and light (photons).
Radioactive decay and particle interactions imposed a probabilistic physics, replacing classic deterministic physics. Radioactivity can be used as a clock to measure time in the universe, and X-rays diffraction proved to be a powerful tool for studying crystals and molecules, particularly protein. In 1953, the DNA double helix was demonstrated.
X-rays and radioactivity revolutionized physics, science, and the vision of nature. However, the increase in knowledge often leads to a divorce between scientists and laypeople, who often struggle to understand new concepts in physics and biology.
📹 Is radiation dangerous? – Matt Anticole
When we hear the word radiation, it’s tempting to picture huge explosions and frightening mutations. But that’s not the full story …
you should have also mention damages of alpha and beta particles and how they can damage us. something that I find is left open ended and unexplained is some of the major types of nuclear radiation. for those who don’t know an alpha particle is a free nucleus of ionized helium (from an alpha decay) and can cause damage but is minimal or non-severe. beta is a free electron or positron (electron of a reverse charge) and has a much greater chance of causing an issue because is can knock free another electron or obliterate it, and gamma is a light particle and is normally in the lethal range of light. each of these is respectively smaller and can go deeper into your body. alpha is normally stopped by your skin causing “sunburns.” beta can enter your upper level of your internal body and exterior (just below the skin), but is about as dangerous as alpha, and gamma can just go right through you. just as a note if you could see gamma rays then jeweled diamonds would be opaque and plastic toys would be translucent.
I owe my life to radiation. Had therapy 6-7 years ago and thanks to gamma radiation, I am mostly okay now. I have a non-cancerous tumour in an organ which is very hard to operate on without permanently disabling me or killing me. The tumour was also resistant to chemicals hence the only option was radiotherapy.
It seems it’s implied that all isotopes are radioactive at 1:34, but this is not the case. “Isotope” is simply a word for specifying a specific count of neutrons/protons. All differing combinations are isotopes, regardless of their stability/radioactivity. It may be common for rare isotopes to be radioactive, but that has nothing to do with the definition or isotopes in general. If I’m wrong, please correct me; I’m no chemist.
I just want to say that I am a 13 year old Canadian, openly pansexual boy with Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD), and you’ve inspired me to achieve my fullest, and because of that bout of inspiration, I want to become something in pediatrics even though with my learning disability I have troubles in math and school in general. So thank you for inspiring me and thank you for helping me realize that the potential is inside me no matter what people say.
Good day to everyone in Ted Ed. 😀 I’m so glad to know your website, I’m a college student and have loads of stuff behind me. But whenever I feel loaded I just watch your articles 😀 It calms, feed my mind and eventually I didn’t notice that I actually finish the things I’m doing. Keep it up! And I would like to know how can I pass a subject to you guys 😀 Best regards Ted Ed!
Thank god you guys made this article. My parents for some reason believed that their cellphones and our ROUTER would give their child cancer. 15 minutes later I just flat out disproved their assumption. All I did was literally: 1: Google ‘What kind of radiation is deadly’ : Ionizing radiation 2: Google ‘_At what wavelength does radiation become Ionized’_ TL;DR everything shorter then soft ultra violet light (Going to just use .001 mm since this is just longer then the visible spectrum and I can avoid a stupid argument about whether NUV is ionized or not.) 3: Google ‘At what wavelength does wifi operate’ 2.4 GHz 4: Use a calculator to convert 3 GHz to length (again just doing all of this just to find out if the wavelength of wifi is dangerous or not so using something slightly shorter then 2.4 GHz wont hurt, and if anything it should actually make more of a point.) 5: Find out that 3 GHz is .1 meters or 100 mm. 6: .1 meters > .00001, the wavelength for wifi must not be ionized. All it took was 15 minutes of Google, reading, and conversion charts to confirm that they’re idiots, but I guess their skulls are as thick as they are empty (and they wonder why I’m disrespectful towards them.) Hopefully this article will change that. Cheers!
I didn’t know what to say so I’ll just share the recipe for a glass of water Ingredients: Water Method: Open the cupboard and get out a glass Go over to the tap and turn on the cold (or hot if you would prefer) Place the glass under the running water but be carefull not to get wet When the glass is full remove it from under the tap Turn off the tap and hold the glass Hold the glass to your mouth tipping it towards you but be carefull not to spill any or you will have to dry it up Once finished put the glass in the dishwasher or sink or repeat if you are still thirsty
In the nuclear power plant I used to work at we measured radiation in REM and milirem. Roughly 100 Rem= 1 sievert. A Rem is comparable to fallouts Rad. About 600 Rem will cause extreme radiation sickness with a high chance of death. 800 Rem is almost certainly death. And nobody can survive over 1000 Rem acute exposure. Our annual dose from working in the nuclear power plant was around 23 millirem 23/1000 of one Rem and the most we are allowed to be exposed to is one Rem which is about the radiation you would receive from a body X-ray or a plane flight, or two years of natural exposure.
ORDER OF LENIN USSR ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE NATIONAL RADIATION MEDICINE RESEARCH CENTER ACT on K.P. Buteyko-s VDBE Method approval (in 1990) in accordance with the Cooperation Agreement of January 3, 1990 between the USSR AMS NRMRC and the therapeutic center “Buteyko Breathing” headed by Candidate of Medicine K. P. Buteyko The VDBE Method therapy was tested on 50 patients of the USSR AMSE NRMRC Institute of Clinical Radiology departments and departments of Kiev Shevchenko CRCB with the purpose of identifying the clinical and pathophysiological mechanisms of Buteyko Breathing in persons affected by ionizing radiology in Chernobyl disaster. The following results were achieved: hemodynamic, blood test and intestinal system improvements were revealed in 82% of patients. Upon analysis of patients- records and diaries, the following conclusions can be made: 1. The VDBE method reduces the use of drugs, and in time totally discontinues medication therapy for some individuals. 2. In multiple therapy, the VDBE method provides improvement of blood and some hemodynamic (blood pressure, pulse) values. 3. The VDBE method as one of the bracing non-conventional methods does not result in complications or side-effects. 4. The VDBE Method is further recommendable for rehabilitation of the Chernobyl disaster victims as one of the drug-free therapy components. Director, Institute of Clinical Radiology Prof. V. G. Bebeshko Senior Researcher, Department of Neurology A.B. Denisyuk
WTF is that model of an Ion in 2:18? I liked these TED-Ed articles, but why would they use an outdated model for anything scientific? You were either sloppy with the research or you believe that it is easier to explain stuff with that model, but I can’t tell which would be worse! #Don’tTrustStuffOnTheInternetKids
I wonder how many sieverts the fukushima daiichi disaster is leaking into the oceans still? You can’t put a concrete sarcophagus over the pacific ocean. It doesn’t bare thinking about. I read that even the elderly 70+ residents are volunteering to help clean up the disaster… That is an amazing sacrifice to make for your species.
I think you should not call it nuclear radiation, better particle radiation, since you can have electron radiation without the strong or weak force involved and the nuclius can emit gamma rays, which is simply electromagnetic radiation, so your categorys overlap and are incomplete, hence for example electron tubes in old TVs create electron radiation (no danger it has relativly low energy and you are proteced by the glas). Also the repulsion due to postives chages in the core is not everything (otherwise β- decay would not happen in cores). The fermi exlusion principle and core shells (like electron shells) are much more important.
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There is a movie called Star Trek and there is a scene when James T. Kirk is saving his ship by aligning the super radioactive core. He dies in the chamber while holding up the live long and prosper symbol to Spock, however, in the article at 3:09, it shows Spock dying to the radiation. Looks like they didn’t do their Star Trek research 😂
Good article, but i think more radiation on average may actually be healthier than less. This is true if we can extrapolate from the Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Chernobyl studies that showed that people who were a certain distance from the nuclear exposure actually went on to live longer and were somewhat protected from diseases typically associated with radiation, like cancer. So more bananas and radon exposure might be good for you in the long run, so long as you don’t overdo it in an one session.
2:54 “cell phones and microwaves operate at the lower end of the spectrum” is incorrect reasoning. The part of the RF spectrum both cell phones and microwaves transmit on can be deadly with enough exposure. Both device are safe because they are manufactured to emit below the FCC RF exposure limits. A microwave is shielded and a cell phone does not transmit with enough power for its cellular radio frequency to be harmful.
I think the only thing this article is missing is to really nail down that the radiation emitted from a synthetic process is not really different from natural radiation. Cosmic radiation is higher energy than anything humans can make, and an alpha particle emitted by naturally occurring radon is just as damaging as one emitted by americium in smoke detectors. It’s the dose that matters. Humans evolved in nature, and nature is filled with radiation, hence humans can easily handle low levels of radiation. It’s the dose that makes the poison.