The report presents a medium-term outlook for major EU agricultural markets, income, and environment to 2031, considering the impact of climate change and key natural resources like water and soil. The EU farming sector is projected to face changing climate and market conditions, lower consumption of meat and sugar, and higher input costs. Agriculture currently represents a tiny share of the EU’s economy, contributing €215.5 billion.
The report provides data on crops, animals, services, and non-agricultural activities in the sector. Production is expected to grow significantly by 33 to 5.2 million tonnes in 2031, while EU consumption will also grow in 2021-31, reaching 5.6 million tonnes in 2031, up 14. However, the index of agricultural labor productivity in the EU is estimated to have decreased year-on-year by 2023.
The report concludes that three specific actions could enable agricultural policies to better support sustainable productivity growth. Productivity in the EU has increased over time, but at a slower rate in recent years. Between 1995 and 2005, productivity surpassed 1 per year, but slowed down to around 0.8 between 2005 and 2015. TFP growth in agriculture has stagnated, growing by only around 0.3 per annum over the period 2002 to 2011. EU pigmeat production is projected to fall by 0.9 per year until 2035, corresponding to almost 2 million tonnes compared to 2021-2023.
Agricultural output grew by 50 in the European Union between 1960 and 2019, while total input use, including labor, declined by 13, resulting in a 68.9% increase in agricultural output between 1960 and 2019. A number of drivers and policy tools are available to trigger productivity gains in EU agriculture, such as research and innovation programs and new technologies.
In conclusion, agricultural productivity in the EU has increased over time, but has slowed down in recent years due to factors such as climate change, market conditions, and the introduction of new resources into production.
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The European Union’s decision to impose tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) has ignited a complex trade dispute with …
What causes an increase in agricultural productivity?
Productivity in agriculture is influenced by changes in techniques and technology. Key factors include mechanization, high-yield varieties, fertilizers, education in management and entrepreneurial techniques, acid soil liming, irrigation, herbicides, genetic engineering, pesticides, increased plant density, digestible animal feed, and keeping animals indoors in cold weather.
Increasing a region’s farm productivity is crucial for various reasons, including providing more food, affecting growth and competitiveness in the agricultural market, income distribution and savings, and labor migration. An increase in agricultural productivity implies a more efficient distribution of scarce resources. As farmers adopt new techniques and differences, more productive farmers benefit from increased welfare, while those who are not productive enough may seek success elsewhere. Therefore, a region’s agricultural productivity is crucial for growth, competitiveness, income distribution, savings, and labor migration.
What is the productivity of the EU?
In the context of the European Union, productivity is defined as the actual labor productivity per hour worked.
What are the factors that lead to an increase in agriculture?
India’s climate and weather patterns significantly impact food production and costs. With a diverse landscape and a large agricultural sector, India produces the most milk and pulses globally and comes second in rice and wheat. However, it faces challenges in meeting the growing population of 1. 5 billion by 2030, which requires more food, particularly fruits and vegetables. Factors such as small land sizes, inadequate irrigation, and limited access to modern technology contribute to the challenges faced by India’s agriculture.
What was the significant reason for increased agricultural production in Europe?
The Agricultural Revolution, which occurred between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries in Britain, was a significant period of agricultural growth. It was largely due to the development of new practices such as crop rotation, selective breeding, and more productive use of arable land. Crop rotation involves growing different types of crops in the same area sequentially to restore plant nutrients and mitigate pest build-up. This practice was further enhanced by the introduction of legumes like peas and beans in previously fallow fields.
Flanders farmers discovered a more effective four-field crop rotation system, using turnips and clover as forage crops to replace the three-year rotation fallow year. This system allowed farmers to restore soil fertility and some plant nutrients removed with the crops. Turnips were first introduced in England in 1638 but were not widely used until around 1750. Fallow land in England was about 20 percent of arable land in 1700 before turnips and clover were extensively grown.
In the mid-18th century, British agriculturalists Robert Bakewell and Thomas Coke introduced selective breeding as a scientific practice, using inbreeding to stabilize certain qualities and reduce genetic diversity. Bakewell was also the first to breed cattle for beef.
Some practices that contributed to a more productive use of land included converting pasture land into arable land and recovering fen land and pastures. Flanders and the Netherlands were pioneers in canal building, soil restoration, drainage, and land reclamation technology. Water-meadows were utilized in the late 16th to 20th centuries, allowing earlier pasturing of livestock after wintering on hay.
What are the factors affecting crop growth and productivity?
The life of crops is closely linked to the environmental factors of a place, and most plant problems are caused by environmental stress. Understanding the environmental aspects that affect plant growth is crucial for maximizing crop production. Environmental factors such as climatic, edaphic, biotic, physiographic, and anthropic factors interact to influence crop growth and development. Major environmental factors, such as drought, high salinity, cold, and heat, negatively impact the survival, biomass production, and yields of staple food crops, threatening global food security. Dehydration stress, caused by drought, salinity, and temperature severity, is the most prevalent abiotic stress that limits plant growth and productivity.
In the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the complex mechanisms governing stress tolerance in crop plants. However, the exact gene activation responsible for tolerance to a particular abiotic stress condition is still unknown. The struggle to understand these complex mechanisms is ongoing, and recent development of new tools for high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping offers hope.
A complete understanding of physiological and molecular mechanisms, particularly signaling cascades in response to abiotic stresses in tolerant plants, will help manipulate susceptible crop plants and increase agricultural productivity in the near future.
What share of EU GDP is agriculture?
Agriculture in the EU contributed €215. 5 billion to the GDP in 2022, representing 1. 4 of total GDP. The sector reaped over €537 billion after selling its products on markets, with €287. 9 billion coming from crops and €206 billion from milk, pigs, cattle, poultry, and eggs. France was the biggest seller, earning €97. 1 billion, followed by Germany, Italy, Spain, and Poland. This proportion has remained stable over the past 20 years.
What is the agricultural production in the EU?
The EU produced 270. 9 million tonnes of cereals in 2022, 26. 7 million tonnes less than in 2021, due to drought conditions in large parts of the EU. This impact included grain maize, sunflowers, and olives for olive oil. Agrometeorological review revealed extreme weather events in terms of temperatures and rainfall, affecting yields and production levels. Rainy conditions in August delayed rapeseed sowing in most northern and central European countries, but overall, weather conditions allowed for rapeseed sowing to be completed within a suitable time frame in most parts of Europe.
Adequate temperatures and soil moisture sustained the emergence and early development of seedlings, allowing plants to enter the winter period in good condition. However, very dry conditions in September in central, eastern, and southern Europe, particularly in Romania, impaired sowing and germination. The beginning of the sowing campaign for winter cereals was slightly delayed in northern countries due to difficult harvests and excess rainfall, but progressed after substantial rainfall in October and November.
What is the productivity gain in Europe?
The euro area exhibited an average annual growth rate of 2. 2 in labor productivity, with a population contribution that was equivalent to the negative impact of reduced working hours. Meanwhile, employment rates demonstrated no discernible trend across European countries.
Which country has the highest agricultural production in Europe?
France is the leading producer of agricultural products in the European Union, contributing 23% of the EU-15 total value, followed by Germany and Italy at 15%, Spain at 12%, the United Kingdom at 9%, and the Netherlands at 7%.
What was the biggest reason for increased agricultural production in Europe?
The introduction of a heavier plow in Europe led to a notable increase in agricultural production, allowing farmers to cultivate more land and enhance their productivity.
What are the three major factors affecting agricultural production?
Farming is influenced by various physical and environmental factors, including topography, soil, and climate. Topography affects the ease of tilling land, soil erosion, and transportation networks, affecting the ability to mechanize agriculture. Climate, such as rainfall and temperature, affects farming. Soil plays a crucial role in crop growth and development. Crops thrive in rich, loamy soils with proper drainage, which absorb food and water through their roots. Poor soils with poor texture and harsh chemicals hinder plant growth and development. Overall, these factors play a significant role in the success of farming.
📹 Why the Dutch Lead the World in Agriculture Exports
The United States exports more agriculture products by value than any country in the world. This probably isn’t too surprising.
What about the huge subsidies EU countries gave to its farming and agriculture sectors, to its airline industries etc? China is able to give cheaper rates to its private sectors because of its competency and clout in purchasing raw materials in bulk at much cheaper pricing from the international market. For example, when it gets substantial discounts for Russian gas and oil, the Chinese Govt is able to provide such energy at much cheaper rates to its manufacturers, one of the main factor for producing the final product at cheaper prices! Hypocrisy and the inability to confront the truth will eventually do the EU in, just as it is now doing to the US empire. China will prevail as it is now embarking on a stimulus package to rouse up their own consumer market and at the same time, to cultivate markets in the Majority South. Soon the EU will sink together with its US Master. 😅
I live in the UAE where Chinese cars have taken over. Having driven the Zeekr 001, it is my view that the party is over for western automakers. The Chinese cars are not only cheaper, for many they are also better at lower price points! Better tech. Better interiors. Better warranties. Better performance.
Having kept track of China’s education “policy” since she opened up, only those unbothered by China’s performances are surprised by what she had achieved. During that period, the West, especially had emphasized more on physical sports rather then educational performances with pure muscles given preference over educational achievements. Remember some State Governors even competed to gain votes by permitting State education office to permit the issuing of high school diploma with passing basic STEM subjects especially mathematics! In fact even in my country, the politicians played the same game to get votes! Now the investors are complaining that their engineers are useless! Indeed, when those democratic leaders are ever ready to screw up the nation for their own interests!
Subsidies do not guarantee growth. Canada has subsidies for EVs for years. But Canada still has zero EV industry today. China, the government has a green strategy, and has invested in Green infrastructure, the power stations, the roads and the charging stations. The people has the will to learn, to develop, to design, to build. Behind the big numbers of Chinese EV sales, there are gigantic efforts and dedication, the long hours of work, countless sleepless nights in engineering designing office, procurement offices, sales offices. It is all earned via smart hard work. There is no magic here.
China says it does not subsidise their vehicle industry as much as claimed by the US and the West. The EU should understand this better than anyone else, the use of subsidy. The EU has been subsidising their agriculture sector for decades. The EU can do likewise either their vehicle industry. It seems that the EU reserves the right to use subsidy, but denies others.
wait till they do a comprehensive article on china and their 6G development, they already have preliminary 6G working in some location for testing…. meanwhile i’ve had a 5G phone for 4.5 years in southern ontario (canada), pay extra for 5G access ($75/month in total) and have only been about to get a 5G signal for a couple hours in total (definitely less than 10 hours) in the last 4.5 years, and while 5G coverage increases here, our actual access is trash even within a 1 city block radius, i leave about 1 city block from 5 different 5G towers…. and what worse is out 4G LTE service STILL sucks too they advertize it as up to100mbps (10-30mbps average), yet NEVER have a EVER had a connection on much better than about 3-5mbps, and very often its less than 1mbps in the case of youtube 720p lagging ever few seconds for example. our erikson equipment SUCKS, its sucked for a decade and a half now, and what is worse, is it getting worse every year… remember me mentioning i have had a 5g connection for only a couple hours?, well most of that time was in the first year, long before they started selling of 5g access for extra about 2 years ago. the infrastructure simply cannot handle the amount of connections being demanded of it while giving a reasonable connection speed at the same time. thank you very much america for locking the western world into VASTLY inferior hardware that we will be perpetually handicapped by for at least the next decade.
Perhaps the greatest assistance that socialist governments provide to strategic socialist industries is getting them to cooperate with each other. Imperialist governments ought to do the same with industries within their countries, BUT THEY CANNOT. There, the relationship between major industries and government is reversed, the latter being not the head but the tail.
let the customer decided what they want !! if they think EU product was good with value they will buy those product .. the west keep claim chinese goverment give subsidy to chinese company, what wrong with that ? if chinese government doing that policies why dont the west follow the same policies ? for me its was a good policy to boost by chinese government . every country should support their own country company to boost on global market .
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Part of the reason our food growing is rather efficient is the breeding culture and the breeding right, breeding right is the right to selectively breed crops that others have been breeding. However nowadays this right has almost been demolished by big companies filing gene patents (patents on specific DNA parts in a plant that make them grow bigger/healthier/more efficient. One of the main fields of research at the moment is salt resistance to turn more land next to salty seas or brackish watter into farmable land.
Interesting… but as you can see in the comments, there is a lot of discussion going on about how to proceed. We do import a lot of soy beans from the US and Brazil, corn from the US, wheat from Ukraine, not to eat, but as fodder for our pigs, chickens and cows. Which means we get a lot of shit as well. And with it a lot of nitrogen based pollution. Which has effect on non agricultural areas (nature?). With it we exceed the EU norms on nitrogen. But because of our dense population, we are close to that norm, even without agriculture. We cannot built houses, roads, other infra, anymore without breaking EU norms. There are several discussions going on. Should the EU norms apply for the Netherlands? While the city of Paris cannot comply, but France has a lot of ‘waste’ lands. Also the German Ruhrgebiet cannot comply, but Germany has a lot of non agricultural space as well. The Netherlands are in fact one big urban area that continues into Belgium and Germany. Why apply norms we impossibly can keep? Should we return to more sustainable agriculture? By importing less fodder and finding a solution for the enormous amount of manure we produce, and thus limit the amount of nitrogen. By reducing the intensive livestock in areas close to nature. What is nature? Every inch of the Netherlands has been used and abused by humans, in the past and present. Nothing is untouched. Even our nature reserves are man-made. Biesbosch is a man-made polder that flooded during a storm and was never reclaimed.
The most important drive behind the success is the cooperation between Wageningen university, farmers, and the government. It’s unique that farmers play a huge role in the research. They try the new techniques in the field. This made the university the best in the world in agriculture and environmental studies. Another reason is the Alsmeer flower auction, the largest of the world. Plants and flowers are flown in from all over the world, auctioned in Aalsmeer, and exported again. It’s a cooperation, with no profit motive, own by the growers.
Accidentally I come to see this report on YouTube. I know Netherlands 🇳🇱 and your information blow my mind. I know the country and had visited and found it very impressive nation and the people something else- genuine, friendly and hard working they should stand as a model to the world. Excellent reporting! Salute Netherlands 🇳🇱!
If you fly over the Netherlands you see a giant outdoor factory. Land and water management is the worlds most intensive. Us Brits share many affinities with the Dutch but we have very different attitudes towards the countryside. For us it is also a place for nature, relaxation and leisure. We prefer the picturesque to utilitarian monotony. If you have money in the UK you move to the country. Hence all the stately homes and semi natural landscaped gardens. We invented the suburban house with gardens in the 1820s so we could have a little bit of countryside in the town.
Are you sure this is still the case? The Dutch agricultural industry has recently been slashed by 30% by the EU. This comes after the fact that their pre-cut industry has been running on a 3% profit margin. These and other better publisized sanctions are an effort to shift dependancy over to other markets, like in the case of agriculture, to soy based products. The Dutch industry got too strong. This conflicts with the elies’s global view concerning respective countries’ rates of self-sufficiency. It would be very interresting to examine, for exaple, Hungary’s agricultural trends of late to show how a nationalistic government shapes its agricultural future. It would also be very interesting to to examine bee colony collapse from region to region. Perhaps they should show us the way forward away from GMO crops and their harmful fertilization addictions.
Sadly the government in Den Haag is kneecapping farmers in the whole country. Not letting their farms expand and banks not allowing them to take loans. We have a shortage of space and farmers don’t have much power on the short term which makes them easy picking for laws and programs targeting housing and environmental goals. The second largest food exporter will become dependent on foreign food exports if this continues for much longer. I am for environmental goals but not if it destroys our culture and harms our self sufficiency.
Apparently the government of the Netherland doesn’t like to be the Country that is one of the most efficient in the world when it comes to agriculture, thats why the Dutch government wants to shut down 3000 dutch farms and on top of it cut the fertilizer use by 50 % . But what can you expect from a prime minister who is strongly connected and influenced by the WEF just like Trudeau and a lot of other leaders in the world . Jacinda Ardern of New Zealand is another one and one of the worst ones . Fortunately she stepped down and hopefully a lot more of these out of touch politicians will follow or are voted out, one can always hope .
Watched a report once regarding how tall Dutch have become post World War Two. Report profiled a family where the father was 6’8″and the mom was 6’4″. She was the shortest in the family, with both children being taller than her. In the same way, Americans have gotten wider. The current world record holder in the 400- and 500-meters is 23-year old Femke Bol. She accomplished these only in the last two months. She’s at least two inches taller than her nearest competitor.
Netherlands may be “the second world producer” in terms of value, because (I guess) the big part of \\what they grow isn’t a staple food like potato, wheat or corn, but higher value products – like vegetables and flowers. And then the other “key” (apart from their high efficiency) is squeezing everything they can – tons and tons of fertilisers, pesticides, growing food in greenhouses 24/7 all year round… And it shows. I mean, you go to supermarket, and see fresh Habanero peppers – they’re quite expensive, like €2 per 50 GRAMS packet (that’s about 4-5 pieces; or € 400 per kilo), and… yep, it comes FROM NETHERLANDS (well, that’s the one available where I live, in Poland). Funnily enough, the company that supplies it in the market is Spain based one… But I digress here, and yes, that habaneros ain’t bad, but… but it then they aren’t really good either. Once I happened to get habaneros from Morocco, and man, it was like cream compared to… well, “cheap low-fat yoghurt”, let’s say. Ditto for anything else – Whenever I’m buying veggies in supermarket, I’m checking the country of origin – and if that happens to be Holland/ Netherlands I just look for an alternative. Yes, you can get them nice, shiny, round and pretty-reddy tomatoes in Netherlands’ greenhouses, but they are pretty much tasteless – eye candy, nothing more. Tunisian tomatoes or Spanish or Egyptian garlic beats Dutch “food” hands down on any day.
Being a leader in agriculture doesn’t simply mean producing the highest quantity of crops. It’s important to assess agricultural practices in terms of sustainability, and trees play a crucial role in achieving sustainability. Without trees, agriculture is not sustainable, as the organic content of the soil is lost due to the absence of shade and the root systems of trees. Therefore, it’s essential to prioritize the planting and preservation of trees in agricultural areas to ensure sustainable practices and long-term productivity.
Geography is a major factor. The climate around the southern North Sea is not exactly pleasant for humans, being very rainy, not getting very warm in summer, and often hovering just above freezing during all winter (while still being rainy.) But most plants, particularly food crops, actually prefer slightly milder temperatures and wet weather, and don’t deal well with cold during the growing season. And in addition, the northerly location of the region means that plants get a lot of daylight during the growing season, increasing productivity. Wet climate means saving on water costs. And for flower producers and animal breeders, operations go all year. And the very mild winters mean huge savings in heating costs. Here in Germany, the entire flower and tree growing industry is concentrated on the North Sea coast and the Dutch border. Go 100-200 km further inland and the additional costs for heating and water really puts a serious dent into profits.
Part of the reason we grow so much is a pretty hard stance politics took to not grow hungry again. Back in the day during or after the war when the hunger crisis or hongersnood was a thing. Alot of government policy was very generous towards farming and heavily subsidized. Alot of what the protests today are about is still aftermath from the policies and changes to them at the time. But hey theres a saying here which roughly translates to : Better to have enough than to fall short.
The Netherlands exports SEED potatoes, flower “starts”, pedigreed horses…that is, VALUE ADDED agricultural products. You don’t make real money producing the end foods or livestock. My buddy in Canada gets all his mum flower starts from Holland. I owned a Dutch Warmblood. AND look at their World class lady athletes, having just broken a World Record AND won Gold in the 4 x 400 relay this week. Go Dutch.
Why not go back to the traditional way of farming instead of the way big agriculture is doing it? If people would have the freedom to get land to farm and not big agriculture stealing land from farmers and keeping it for themselves. Also access to cattle for people, like cows, mules, donkies, horses… So that people could live closer to nature and animals would have more natural land instead of all this suburban and urban and industrial (no-lands). People could have healthy food to eat from their own crops, their own trees, their own vineyards and from their own animals. People would have access to heirloom varieties of seeds, heirloom varieties of cattle and fowl and so on and so on….Nature can get reclaimed by the old way of farming and then it could spread to others too. People might see the beauty of God’s creation and they’ll be inspired to do the same. If you farmed like this, you might not even have any trash either.. and you could get water from a spring and feed your crops with that water and feed the land with the spring water, completely having reign over the corporations and industries that do so much evil like factory farming and so forth.
Using greenhouses, there is no need for GMO crops or insecticide. Use of fertilizer and water can be reduced 10x and you need 10x less land area to produce the same amount of food. If every other country switched from regular farming to greenhouses we could feed the world population dozens of times over on the current amount of arable land without any toxic chemicals or genetic engineering.
The Netherlands is a 1/4 the size of Ireland with 3 times the population. The Dutch say, that if they had Ireland, they would feed the world. But, if Ireland had Holland, they would all drown in a week while discussing the drainage problem. We are great at talking the talk, but not so great as walking the walk. Having said that, Ireland, 200 years ago produced enough food to feed twice its population of overb16 million at that time. Despite that, over a million dead and over a million fled as a result of genocide inflicted on the Irish by the British occupiers during what is called An Gorta Mor, or in English, the great hunger, The British refer to that time as the potatoes famine. The Irish starved to death, while perusal Irish food being exported under the protection of British guns. Today, Ireland produces enough food to feed over 10 times its population or 50 million souls. Irish food is found all over the world, especially its butter and infant milk. In China, that is one of, or even the biggest sellers of Irish Infant formula, Sold under the Little Emperor brand.
One bit that was a bit glossed over…. I weren’t really the farmers that were innovative. It was the state that poured billions in research, development, and education (Wageningen…) It was also the state that forced land distribution. These measures that in two decades changed regions with mostly small subsistence farms into agricultural powerhouses came from the state. It can’t be denied this also destroyed the way of life for thousands but never, ever, ever believe this came from the farmers. It was state led, state paid….. Farmers protested then and their kind, the small local farm, they really don’t exist anymore. Dutch farmers are business people but as state-subsidised as public housing 😀
Errata & Omissions: 1) There is not 1 river Delta but 4 : Rhine, Meuse, IJssel, & Amstel. 2) The East India Company was founded Dec. 31, 1600. Technically 2 years before the Dutch East India Company in 1602. Major Omission: You fail to mention that 90% of flowers & 40%+ off vegetables are grown from cloned cell cultures most of which is automated.
this perspective is remarkably narrow. Viewers should investigate the ‘tulpenmanie’ 1634-1637. The Netherlands (‘Niederlande’ literally ‘low country’) is one of the richest and most complex cultures in the world. Arguably its democracy preceded and arguably inspired that of England (not to mention the nascent US). Its focus on agriculture (among many others) should be an inspiration for all.
“Leads the world in agriculture ‘by value’ “. I wonder why? A rich man’s hard work is far more costlier than a poor man’s work. Though the efforts are same. If a rich man spends 30 days in the field per 6 months in a very good environmental conditions, producing daffodils (a luxury item), he can market it well, on the other hand farmers from developing countries work their ass off in harsh weather conditions, with very less resources and funds, still manages to produce decent amounts of grains (not a luxury item), but he cannot market it well. Prioritise and price the things based on their usefulness to mankind, not based on the marketing or rarity of the product. Seriously a can of fish eggs from a developed country costs more than a truck load of rice produced in Asia.
It’s fine, this’ll change soon enough if it’s up to our & EU politics who keep telling farmers a different story every 3 years. That fancy greenhouse with the WEF logo on the article goes just as much against the politicians’ climate goals as the goals WEF claims to set, with all the heating they require